中资银行的国际化之路
《In Pursuit of Presence or Prominence？—— The Prospect of Chinese Bank’s Global Expansion and Their Benchmarks》
《In Pursuit of Presence or Prominence—— The Prospect of Chinese Bank’s Global Expansion and Their Benchmarks》近日正式由Springer出版社联合浙江大学出版社出版发行，本书由浙江大学互联网金融研究院（简称浙大AIF）院长贲圣林教授与俞洁芳、顾月、吕佳敏等人共同编著，选取两类指标从境外分支机构情况、资产状况、营业业绩等方面建立了银行国际化指数（Bank Internationalization Index，BII），除对国际化发展具有代表性的中资银行进行评分外，还选取了全球系统重要性银行（Global Systemically Important Banks，G-SIBs）中数据较为全面的16家外资银行予以分析，借此梳理中资银行国际化成果、对比中外资银行国际化差异、探索中资银行国际化路线、研究中资银行国际化风险，从而为中资银行国际化发展提供可借鉴经验。
本书系浙大AIF金融国际化研究室系列研究成果之一，其他研究成果还包括：保险国际化、债券市场国际化、金融人才国际化等。 此外，本书的中文版已于2017年由中国金融出版社正式出版。
序 言
致“奔腾的青春”：
《2016年中资银行国际化报告——对标国际一流》英文版和大家见面了，相比于去年，今年有了一些令人欣喜的变化。
今年我们“斗胆”对全球系统重要性银行中16家有代表性的国际银行进行了较为详细的分析，并将它们置于同一“银行国际化指数”体系中予以衡量测算。这些银行无一例外均来自发达国家，国际经验丰富、历史漫长、路径各异，这对正在国际化征途上奋斗的中资银行有较高的参考借鉴意义。
今年的副标题“对标国际一流”是一种顺其自然的延伸。考虑到这些国际银行基本代表了当今世界上银行界国际化的最高水平，通过对标这些“先进”，我们可以协助中资银行找找差距，认清发展机遇，补补我们国际化方面的短板。
今年我们借用企业国际化领域的有关理论对影响银行国际化的主要因素做了一些比较分析，虽然仍然处于入门级别，但至少是我们希望追根溯源、知其然更要知其所以然的一种尝试，报告未来也将对相关理论进行进一步提炼。
今年我们在风险案例方面特别地单列一章，不仅是因为防范风险是今年国际国内的主旋律、风险管理能力是银行业的立身之本，更是因为国际化会增加银行风险来源的多样性和风险管理的复杂性，需要特别重视。许多案例揭示的教训是深刻的，后果是严重的，造成的伤害是难以愈合甚至致命的。
今年我们成功地推出英文版，这要感谢我们的课题组成员之一——普华永道大中华区金融行业主管合伙人张立钧，他旗下团队的专业性和全球性有效地弥补了我们原来团队的不足。英文版的发行将会使我们获得更多国际交流沟通的机会，也会让更多目光聚焦到我们这个年轻的团队身上，期待这些关注转化成我们未来更强的动力与能力。
令人欣喜的是，这一年团队一如既往的努力未曾改变，不忘初心的情怀未曾改变，奔腾不息的青春未曾改变。书稿完成之际，正值人民币正式进入特别提款权篮子货币之前夜，又适逢中国2015年对外直接投资跃居世界第二并成为资本净输出国喜讯传来之时，我想中国银行业国际化或将迎来加速发展的机遇，而我们期待着和这个奔腾的时代同频共振。
贲圣林
于中国浦东干部学院
2016年9月23日
In Pursuit of Presence or Prominence? —The Prospect of Chinese Banks' Global Expansion and Their Benchmarks has been released as scheduled last year. Compared with last year, there are some gratifying changes this year:
This year, we carried out a detailed analysis of selected 16 representative international banks among the global systemically important banks, and the 16 selected banks were evaluated under the same “Bank Internationalization Index” system. The 16 banks are all from developed countries with rich international experience, long history, and different roadmaps. Their international development has high reference significance for Chinese banks struggling on the journey of internationalization.
The subtitle “The Prospect of Chinese Banks' Global Expansion and Their Benchmarks” of this year is an extension. Considered that these banks basically represented the highest level of internationalization in the world today, by benchmarking the “advanced”, we could assist Chinese banks to find the gap, identify developing opportunities, and improve the aspect of internationalization.
This year, we have borrowed relevant theories in enterprise internationalization to analyze the main factors influencing bank internationalization. Although it is still at the entry level, it shows our effort to trace the root causes. In the future, the report will further extract relevant theories.
We have specifically included a single chapter of risk cases this year. Not only because the risk prevention is the mainstream this year and the risk management is the basis of banking industry, but also internationalization would increase the diversity of risk sources and complexity of risk management which need pay attention to. Many cases showed that the lessons are profound, the consequences are serious, and the damages are difficult to recover and even deadly.
We have successfully launched the English version this year, thanks to one of our members James and his team from Pricewaterhouse Coopers, whose professionalism and globalization complement our original team. The publication of the English version will bring more opportunities for international communication, and also bring more focus on our young team. We are looking forward to transforming the public attention to our future motivation.
It is gratifying that the effort of the team has not changed, so does their beginner’s mind and blossoming youth. In the completion of the report, it was the eve of RMB officially being included in the SDR basket, and coincided with the good news that China ranked 2nd in terms of foreign direct investment in 2015 with net export of capital. In my opinion, Chinese banks’ internationalization will usher the accelerated developing opportunities, and we look forward to being resonant with the thriving era.
目 录
引言 16
第一章 国际国内经济新变化
1.1 国际经济愈加复杂
1.2 中国经济稳中求进
1.3 “一带一路”成果突出
1.4 金融体系持续变革
1.5 金融机构拥抱全球
第二章 中资银行国际化现状
2.1 商业银行国际化现状
2.2 开发性银行国际化现状
第三章 外资银行国际化现状
3.1 BII水平总体居高，近十年波幅较小
3.2 从BII表现看银行国际化影响因素
3.3 从成长路径看银行国际化发展模式
第四章 中外资银行国际化发展对比
4.1 中外资银行BII差距明显，中资银行国际化路漫漫其修远
4.2 中资银行境外规模总体增长，外资银行趋于收缩
4.3 中资银行境外经营成果丰硕，对比外资增长空间广阔
4.4 中资银行境外布局持续扩张，外资银行机构数量缩减
第五章 中外资银行国际化风险启示
5.1 外资银行的风险案例与经验教训分析
5.2 中资银行的风险案例与经验教训分析
第六章 中资银行国际化展望
6.1 清晰认知中外差异，稳健进行海外扩张
6.2 把握“一带一路”战略，实现沿线支持格局
6.3 利用互联网新业态，以新途径出奇制胜
6.4 建立完善风控机制，谨慎防范各类风险
致谢
附录一 银行国际化指数（BII）的构建
定义BII
编制BII
BII编制原则
BII指标体系
BII测算模型
BII内涵
BII数据处理
附录二 本报告中测算出BII的16家外资银行简介
Prologue
Chapter 1 Changes in the Domestic and International Economy
1.1 Growing Complexity in Global Economy
1.2 China’s Economy Aligned Stability with Sustainable Progress
1.3 “The Belt and Road” Initiatives Yielded Striking Outcomes
1.4 Financial System Continued to Reform
1.5 Financial Institutions Embraced the World
Chapter 2 Status of Chinese Banks' Internationalization
2.1 Status of Chinese Commercial Banks’ Internationalization
2.2 Status of Chinese Development Banks’ Internationalization
Chapter 3 Status of Foreign Banks’ Internationalization
3.1 Foreign Banks Had Overall High BII Level But Slower Growth in Past Decade
3.2 Factors That Affect Banks’ Internationalization in View of BII
3.3 Banks’ International Development Pattern in View of Growing Path
Chapter 4 Comparison Between Chinese and Foreign Banks on Globalization
4.1 Big Gap Between Chinese and Foreign Banks in BII Level and Chinese Banks Still Have a Long Way to Catch Up
4.2 Chinese Banks’ Total Overseas Assets Kept Growing While Foreign Banks Slowly Declined
4.3 Chinese Banks Yields Promising Outcome from Their Overseas Expansion, Showing Greater Long-Term Potentials Benchmarking Foreign Banks
4.4 Chinese Banks Continued to Expand Overseas Network while the Number of Foreign Banks’ Overseas Institutions Dropped
Chapter 5 Implications of Risks Associated with Banks’ Internationalization
5.1 Case Studies on Foreign Banks’ International Risk
5.2 Case Studies on Chinese Banks’ International Risk
Chapter 6 Future Prospects of Chinese Banks’ Internationalization
6.1 Acknowledge the Distinct Differences Between Chinese and International Markets When Proceeding with Steady Expansion Strategy
6.2 Seize the Opportunity of “the Belt and Road” Initiatives with Supporting Scheme
6.3 Implement Internet Finance and Adopt Innovative Business Model
6.4 Establish a Robust Risk Control Mechanism and Prevent Various Types of Risks
Acknowledgement
Appendix I Banks Internationalization Index (BII)
Definition of BII
Construction of BII
Ø BII Construction Principles
Ø BII Index System
Ø BII Measurement Model
Meanings of BII
Data processing for BII
Appendix II Introduction of 16 Selected Foreign Banks
编 辑 推 荐
本书立足于中国经济进入新常态，强调“实行更加积极主动的开放战略”、人民币加入SDR国际化进程持续推进的当下，全书围绕中资银行发展现状、海外经验、未来机遇、“走出去”路径展开，对中资银行的国际化发展具有积极意义。
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亚马逊：
浙大AIF金融国际化研究室
浙大AIF金融国际化研究室由浙江大学互联网金融研究院（AIF）与中国人民大学国际货币研究所（IMI）联合指导，浙江大学与中国人民大学杰出教授领衔主持、汇聚金融学术及业界精英、以两校优秀硕博士研究生为核心研究团队，旨在对我国金融业的国际化发展进行系统性研究，最终帮助中资金融机构等金融主体充分了解发展现状、积极把握发展机遇、总结传承海外经验、合理规划机构布局、制定完善的国际化发展战略，是浙江大学AIF与中国人民大学IMI聚焦金融国际化、推动金融强国路的又一科研平台。
目前，金融国际化研究室已出版三本“银行国际化系列报告”与一本“保险国际化系列报告”：《2015中资银行国际化报告》、《2016中资银行国际化报告——对标国际一流》、《百舸争流——驰骋国际市场的中外资银行》、《扬帆起航——走向国际市场的中资保险公司》，本次荐书所推荐著作《In Pursuit of Presence or Prominence? ——The Prospect of Chinese Banks' Global Expansion and Their Benchmarks》是《2016中资银行国际化报告——对标国际一流》的英文发行版本。
同时敬请期待九月下旬的2018全球银行国际化报告发布！
